Pendaries Village

I mentioned earlier this week that Juan Bautista Cordova, a possible great-great grandfather of mine, sold some land in the mountains north of Las Vegas to French immigrant Jean Pendaries nearly 140 years ago.

The 1875 land record itself is fascinating because it includes details such as the fact that the land was marked by ridges overlooking two streams from the Sapello River, where Juan Bautista and his son Antonio used to fish. A distant cousin who owns land in the tiny village of San Ignacio, sent me a copy of the record that he obtained from another cousin. Not long after that, I ran across the same record at the San Miguel County Clerk’s Office.

But the land sale was significant for another reason. Jean Pendaries had already made a name for himself as the owner and operator of the Plaza Hotel, which he built on the Las Vegas plaza in the 19^th Century. Apparently he sold the hotel prior to 1875, and started buying property in the mountains north of Las Vegas, according to a history on a web site for the Pendaries resort and golf course that now sits on land near Rociada, on the other side of the mountain from Juan Bautista Cordova’s stomping grounds in San Ignacio.

As a side note, Tony DeTevis, my great-grandfather on my Grandma Rise’s side, also owned a home in San Ignacio. My Dad has told me how he used to go do work for his grandfather at that property during the summer.

Back to Jean Pendaries, he apparently used money from the sale of the Plaza Hotel to purchase several parcels of land near Rociada, which would eventually become the 5,000-acre Pendaries Ranch. He built a saw mill, a grist mill and a homestead on the ranch.

One of the parcels that Pendaries purchased was the land owned by Juan Bautista Cordova. He paid 500 pesos. It’s not clear how much land he bought from Juan Bautista, but the record, written in Spanish and translated to English by a friend of mine, describes the location as follows:

“…located where both of the Sapillo River's streams lie, west of the Plaza de Tecoloteña in said County and Territory, where Juan Bautista Cordova and his son Antonio fish and which was deeded to them by the Judge of Evidence of said County and Territory per the petition on various residents of said Plaza. This land parcel consists of 500 yards of width and its boundaries are, on the North and South ends, the ridges that are adjacent to said river and on the East and West, land parcels belonging to Juan Pendaries, (this part is illegible, but I believe it says as follows), including houses, corrals and everything in between the boundaries described which shall be granted and adjudicated to Juan Pendaries and his children and heirs in fee simple, so long as said Antonio Cordova and Maria de la Gracia Garcia have confirmed the actions of their parents over these premises and that they abide by everything provided for in this instrument, detailing everything as if they were the parties signing.”

For some context into the time period, the Pendaries land purchase was just five years before the railroad moved through the area, which ignited a lot of controversy in San Miguel County. The railroad and the jobs it created, also led to the migration of many residents from villages like San Ignacio and Sapello into Las Vegas.

According to Pendaries web site, “Jean’s daughter married into the Baca family, and they later became the patrons of the 5,000 acre ranch. Descendants of the ranch founder continued to operate into the twentieth century, as well as providing leadership roles in state government.”

Ironically, I’ve never been to Pendaries, but I hear the views are breathtaking. I hope to take the family up there before the end of summer, and maybe stop to see my cousin in nearby Watrous.

Juan Bautista Cordova

Juan Bautista Cordova has been a central figure in my genealogical research. It’s possible he’s my paternal great-great grandfather, which is one of two of the most surprising discoveries I’ve made about my family history.

However, it’s also possible – even probable – that I don’t descend from him at all. Even if I do, I recently discovered he may not be a Cordova himself; he was probably just raised by Luis Cordova in San Miguel del Bado in the early 1800s.

 

A cousin sent this photo of who he believes to be Juan Bautista Cordova in San Ignacio in the late 1800s

For me, the mystery of Juan Bautista started when I discovered that my great grandfather, Luis Gallegos, was baptized as the son of a Bautista Cordova and Francisquita Trujillo. That meant Luis is not a blood descendant of Manuel Gallegos. Rather, Luis was raised by Manuel Gallegos since at least the age of 10, while he was presumably the biological son of Bautista Cordova. Or was he?

The 1900 U.S. Census revealed a close relationship between the Cordova and Gallegos families. They lived together in the same home in the small village of Tecolotenos, in the mountains north of Las Vegas. The Census showed Juan Bautista Cordova as the 81-year-old head of household along with his son, Manuel Cordova, son-in-law Manuel Gallegos, daughter (and wife of Manuel Gallegos) Francisquita, and five Gallegos children ranging in age from 1 to 15.

But things didn’t add up. The two oldest Gallegos children, Juan Bautista and Luis (my great-grandfather) were born before the marriage of Manuel Gallegos and Francisquita. That’s when I dug further, and found baptismal records for both boys – Juan Bautista’s record did not list a father and his mother was Francisca Trujillo; and Luis was listed as the son of Bautista Cordova and Francisca Trujillo. That answered some questions, but raised new ones. Could the elder Juan Bautista Cordova, who would have been 71 in 1890, really fathered Luis? Seems doubtful. And why was Francisca listed as a Cordova herself – the daughter of Juan Bautista -- in previous Census records? It turns out she was a Trujillo, the daughter of Rafael Trujillo and Dulefina Chaves, but perhaps raised by Juan Bautista Cordova and his wife Altagracia. But who fathered her oldest children?

When I first discovered the Cordova connection, it was a surprise, and it turned into a running joke in my family. Were we really Cordova, and not Gallegos? What does that mean?

As I grappled with the meaning of the Cordova discovery, I made the other major finding of family history. After testing my Y-DNA, I was told that I definitely descend from the first Chaves family that settled in New Mexico in 1600.  Ironically, I descend from the same Chaves family on my mother’s side, as well. So, in the course of a few years, I went from Gallegos to Cordova to Chaves on my Dad’s side of the family.

Regardless of whether I really descend from Juan Bautista Cordova, I have still been obsessed with figuring out his family’s paper trail. Sometimes you never figure it out. Other times, you have to piece together different sources of information and draw educated conclusions. That’s what I’ve finally done with Juan Bautista Cordova, based on records as diverse as census records, church records, probate records in which he twice tried to adopt young boys – some 30 years apart; and an interesting 1875 land record in which Juan Baustista, his wife Altragracia, his son Antonio Cordova and his wife, Maria Gracia Jaramillo, sold land to a Frenchman named Juan Pendaries, who later created the Pendaries Resort that still exists in the mountains north of Las Vegas.

I traced Juan Bautista to his father, Luis Cordova (possibly the namesake of my great-grandfather Luis Gallegos?), through a church record that noted the 1837 marriage of Juan Bautista Cordova and Maria Hilaria Archuleta in San Miguel del Bado. I was never sure of that record because I only knew of Juan Bautista’s marriage to Maria Altagracia Trujillo. But the Pendaries land record confirmed that Antonio Cordova was Juan Bautista’s son, and looking again at Antonio’s marriage record in Mora, it listed Juan Bautista Cordova and Maria Hilaria Archuleta, who was deceased at the time of his 1859 marriage, as his parents. So Juan Bautista’s marriage to Maria Altagracia Trujillo was his second marriage. I haven’t found their marriage record, but they are first noted as godparents in the late 1840s in San Miguel del Bado. They were living in Tecolotenos by 1850.

With that mystery solved, I was able to figure out all of the children of Luis Cordova and his wife, Ana Maria Ulibarri. Well, I found records for all of their children except for Juan Bautista. Then, as I flipped through baptism records for San Miguel del Bado, I found a child simply named Juan Bautista, born on June 23, 1814, “de padres no conocidos,” meaning parents not known. It may be a bit of a stretch to think this is the same Juan Bautista, who must have been raised by Luis Cordova. But given all other evidence, and without evidence proving otherwise, it’s logical to conclude that this is the Juan Bautista I’ve been searching for.

Ultimately, at some point probably in the 1800s, a direct male descendent of the first Chaves family was the father of one of my more recent descendants. It’s possible that this unknown Chaves man was the father of Juan Bautista, but more likely, I suspect a Chaves man was the father of my great-grandfather, Luis. I say that because there is another Chavez man who is a perfect DNA match to me, which strongly suggests we share a common ancestor within the past four generations. I will continue to pursue that connection, however impossible it might seem.

Here is a timeline of my Cordova research:

23 Jun 1814    Juan Bautista born at San Miguel del Vado. His parents were listed as unknown; He may have been raised by Luis Cordova and Ana Maria Ulibarri

2 Dec 1837      Juan Bautista Cordova married to Maria Hilaria Archuleta at San Miguel del Vado. He was the 21-year-old son of Luis Cordova, deceased and Ana Maria Ulibarri

1838                Jose Antonio Cordova born in Las Golandrinas

(1839-1847)    Juan Bautista Cordova marries Altagracia Trujillo at San Miguel del Vado

18 Dec 1847    Juan Bautista Cordova and Altagracia Trujillo serve as godparents to Jose Camilo Gallego in San Miguel del Vado

1850                Mexico Census for Vayes de Tecolote:

§  Bautista Cordova, age 26

§  Maria Gracia Martin, age 22

§  Jose Antonio Cordova, age 10

(1851-54)        Manuel Cordova is born, based on later census records. He was the son of Juan Bautista Cordova, although a baptismal record has not been found. His 1929 death certificate listed his parents as Juan Bautista Cordova and Altagracia Trujillo.

29 May 1859  Jose Antonio Cordova married to Maria Gracia Jaramillo in Mora. He was the son of Juan Bautista Cordova and Maria Hilaria Archuleta

2 Mar 1861     Emiteria Cordova is born in Tecolotenos. She was the daughter of Jose Antonio Cordova and Maria Gracia Jaramillo

29 Mar 1863   Juan Cordova born is born in Tecolotenos. He was the son of Estipula Cordova and his godparents were listed as Juan Bautista Cordova and Altagracia Trujillo. This infant died 10 days later and the death record refers to him as the adopted son of Juan Bautista Cordova.

8 Aug 1863     Francisca Trujillo is born in San Miguel County. She is the daughter of Rafael Trujillo and Dulefina Chaves.

26 May 1864  Juan Cordova is born in Tecolotenos. He was the son of Jose Antonio Cordova and Maria Gracia Jaramillo

18 Dec 1875    Land record lists Juan Bautista Cordova as father and Jose Antonio Cordova as son. They sold land to Juan Pendaries for 500 pesos.

23 Aug 1885   Juan Bautista is born in San Ignacio. His father is listed as not known and his mother is Francisca Trujillo. His godparents are Antonio Cordova and Maria Gracia Garcia.

21 May 1890  Luis Cordova born. His baptismal records show him as the son of Bautista Cordova and Francisca Trujillo. He was raised by Francisca’s husband, Manuel Gallegos,.

18 Jun 1892    Francisca Trujillo marries Manuel Gallegos

6 Dec 1895      Probate record details Juan Bautista Cordova’s request to the San Miguel Probate Judge to adopt Juan Bautista II, a minor, who he said he raised from birth. I have not figured out for sure who the minor child was. Juan Bautista is listed as being widowed.

(1900-1910)    Juan Bautista presumably dies at some point in this decade. He is no longer listed in census records after 1900, when he said he was 81 years old.

Tocaya

I don’t want to downplay all of the time I’ve spent -- literally hundreds of hours during the past two years – digging through records at the archives to try and solve the mysteries of my genealogy. Through a combination of hard work and good luck, I’ve been able to accomplish a lot. But I never would have achieved so much without the help of many others, including at least a half-dozen, distant relatives with whom I’ve connected during this journey.

The most recent connection came out of the blue last week when I got an e-mail from Tomas Perez, who informed me that we are related through my paternal Great-Great Grandmother Francisquita Trujillo. Francisquita was the mother of my Great-Grandfather Luis Gallegos.

I have been stumped ever since I discovered that Luis – who was raised as a Gallegos since he was a child -- was actually baptized as Luis Cordova, the son of Bautista Cordova and Francisca Trujillo, according to church records. But that conflicted with Census records, which aren’t always reliable, that showed Francisca as the daughter of Juan Bautista Cordova, who was quite old at the time. In time, Francisca had two children, Juan and Luis, but her surname was listed as Trujillo. She eventually married Manuel Gallegos – gave that name to her two oldest sons, and had three more children with Manuel. So, until this day, I’m not sure who fathered Juan and Luis. I doubted it was the elderly Juan Bautista Cordova. I thought the key might be to figure out more about Francisquita, although I’ve had a tough time finding information about her…until the e-mail from Tomas Perez.

Tomas has been on the trail to find out more about Francisquita for much longer than I have. In fact, he even bought a ranch in the 1970s in the Northern New Mexico village of San Ignacio, the one-time home of Franciscquita, the Cordovas and the Gallegos. He named his ranch in honor of Francisquita, calling it Tocaya, which is the feminine for Tocayo, roughly meaning namesake. Tomas said the name derives from the Nahuatl language, and suggested that Sigmund Freud would say Tocaya means “Alter Ego.” I mentioned to Tomas that I took my family for a Sunday drive through San Ignacio on Father’s Day last summer. My Great-Grandfather Antonio DeTevis also had land in the village in the mid-1900s.

Aside from Tomas’ great stories about discovering San Ignacio, we also compared notes about our research. His grandmother, Ishmael, was the daughter of Manuel and Francisquita Gallegos, which means she was the sister to my great-grandfather, Luis. Fortunately, Tomas has several old family photos and family history that was passed on to him from his mother. The one piece of information that immediately grabbed my attention was that Francisquita was the daughter of Rafael Trujillo and Dulefina Chaves. Tomas suggested that we might be able to verify that information I we could get Francisquita’s death certificate, something I have been unable to locate without knowing the date and location of her death. One of the problems is that I was looking only in San Miguel County. But Tomas told me she actually died in Albuquerque in 1929, and that his mother attended the funeral. They later located the grave, and Tomas purchased a new headstone in her honor

Armed with that information, I went back to look for her death certificate, which I immediately found. And sure enough, it listed her parents of Rafael Trujillo and Dulefina Chaves, although unfortunately, it did not say where they were from. The certificate said Francisquita was born in San Miguel County and was widowed at the time of her death, having been married to Manuel Gallegos. She was born in 1863, and lived to be 65 years old before she died of throat cancer. She lived the final six years of her life in the Armijo area of Albuquerque. Her eldest son, Juan, signed the death certificate. An obituary in the Albuquerque Journal said her sons and daughter were with her at her home when she passed away.

Tomas said it is possible that Francisquita may have been orphaned and raised by the Cordova family, before marrying Manuel Gallegos. I won’t be sure until I find out more about her parents, Rafael and Dulefina, if that’s possible. I’ve learned that kids were often raised by relatives for one reason or another. Many times, even young children were taken in, and sometimes adopted by families as servants.

I may not find any additional information about Francisquita. But I won’t give up looking. In any case, the journey has been worth it, if for no other reason than the thrill of discovering relatives who share the same passion I have for learning about those who came before us.