The small town
of St. John’s in east-central Arizona is not very different than the small
towns, villages and pueblo land just across the border in west-central New
Mexico. The landscape is similar – remote and barren, but striking at the same
time. The Little Colorado river in Arizona, like the Rio Puerco in New Mexico,
was the lifeblood in the desert that produced just enough vegetation to attract
settlers and their sheep and livestock in the territorial days of the 19th
Century.
The biggest
similarity is the family names and connections. Many of the families that
settled in St. Johns in the 1870s and 1880s were the children and grandchildren
of the same New Mexico families that ventured west in the early 1800s from the
Rio Grande Valley to settle western New Mexico villages like Cubero, Cebolleta,
San Mateo and San Rafael.
My paternal
Chavez ancestors were among the settlers in most of those villages, and they
were there with their neighbors and primos during the early years of San Juan –
before the name was changed to St. John’s, before the Arizona territorial legislature
made it the seat of Apache County, and before Mormon settlers moved in.
San Juan was
settled in the early 1870s as a stopping point on the route to Fort Apache.
Legend has it that one of the early merchants, Solomon Barth, named the town
after the first woman, Maria San Juan de Baca, who settled there. Sol Barth and
his brother Morris Barth would become familiar merchants in St. Johns, as well
western New Mexico.
It’s not clear
when my Chavez ancestors first arrived in San Juan. They were identified in the
first census of the town, in 1880. My third-great Grandfather Diego Antonio
Chavez was listed as being 50 years old, living with his wife, Juana Sisneros.
His daughter, Librada Chavez was living next door with her husband, Jose
Torres, and their two children. A few dwellings away, Diego Antonio’s son,
Preciliano Chavez (my second-Great Grandfather) was living with siblings,
Ysidro and Patricia.
The 1880 Census
lists fewer than 140 families in “St. John’s Village.” The vast majority, with
names like Chavez, Candelaria, Baca, Romero, Garcia and Jaramillo, said they
were born in New Mexico. As you get toward the end of the census, many families
with Anglo surnames are listed as being from the Utah territory – presumably
Mormon settlers who staked a claim to the area just a year or two before. Not
listed in the census is David King Udall, who would arrive later that year with
his wife Luella, to serve as the Mormon Church’s first bishop of St. John’s.
Udall would serve in the Arizona territorial legislature, and he would become
the patriarch of a political family that included children and grandchildren
who served as legislators, judges, and members of the U.S. Congress, U.S.
Senate and U.S. Department of Interior. New Mexico’s current U.S. Senator, Tom
Udall, is a descendent of David King Udall.
The presence of
the Mormons caused immediate tension, starting with the change of the name of
the town to St. John’s. But the Mormons would become an integral part of the
community.
I had read
different historical accounts of St. John’s, written from the perspectives of
the Hispanic settlers, the Mormon settlers, and their descendants. As I
prepared for a quick day trip to St. John’s earlier this summer, I was
disappointed, but not surprised, to only find the names of Anglo families
buried at the St. John’s cemetery. It wasn’t until I got to St. John’s that I
learned of the separate Catholic cemetery outside of town. I didn’t find the
grave site for Diego Antonio Chavez. But I know he was buried there from
records detailing Juana’s application for a pension based on his service during
the Civil War.
While my
ancestors were only in St. John’s for a few decades, it was a significant
period in our Chavez family history. Juan Diego’s son, Preciliano, built his
own family during much of those two decades. Preciliano left St. John’s and
married Telesfora Duran in Albuquerque in 1882. He returned to St. John’s and
fathered 9 of his 12 children between 1883 and 1898, including my
Great-Grandfather, Diego Antonio Chavez. Three more children were born after
Preciliano returned to Cubero in the early 1900s.
I finally made
the day trip in June, making my way west from Albuquerque, along I-40, to an
exit just north of Cubero. I took a
winding road along the El Malpais National Conservation Area, wondering whether
my ancestors took this same route in their wagons and with their horses and
possessions back in the late 1870s.
My Great-Uncle
Lalo Chavez likes to joke that he pictures his grandparents and his father
returning to Cubero around 1900 in their wagons as a reverse Grapes of Wrath.
While many Americans were making their way west, the Chavez clan was coming
home to New Mexico.
When I arrived
in St. John’s from the south, I was greeted with a surprise. Driving into town,
I found the main street blocked off as residents set up lawn chairs for a
parade. I had arrived as the town was celebrating the feast of San Juan. Some
of the residents I visited during the San Juan parade told me there is still
animosity between Mormons and Hispanics. But they were more interested in the
fact that I live in New Mexico. They explained that they had ties to Pojoaque
and Nambé, and they travel every year to make it to
the feast days.
Tribal members dance during San Juan Feast Day 2014 |
Rough Riders Riding Club at San Juan Parade 2014 |
Following
the parade, I visited the Apache County Historical Society Museum. I expected
to find a lot of the Mormon history, including prominent displays of the Udall
family. The part-time museum director said she was in the process of trying to
capture more of the history about the town’s Hispanic settlers. Dejected, I
assumed I wouldn’t find any of my own family history there. Nevertheless, I
enjoyed the historical artifacts and photos at the museum.
Then,
to my surprise, I came across a display about “Los Vaqueros,” which included
details of some Chavez, Lopez and Armijo families from Cubero who had settled
in St. Johns and nearby El Tule. No doubt, the display was based on information
from Pauline Chavez Bent, a distant cousin of mine whose writings about the
Chavez family I had come across many times.
As I
made my way through the display, I saw names I immediately recognized, starting
with Preciliano Chavez, my second-Great Grandfather, and Onofre Chavez, the son
of Preciliano and my two-times Great Uncle who was admired by my Grandpa Louie
and Uncle Lalo.
Seeing
the photos made my trip to St. John’s a major success. I haven’t even found a
photo of my Great-Grandfather Diego Antonio Chavez, the grandson of his namesake,
Diego Antonio who first took his family to St. John’s. To find a photo of his
father, Preciliano, was amazing, to put it mildly.
During my drive
home, I passed the Salt River Project power plant, just outside of town. I took
a different route, choosing to return through Zuni Pueblo, Ramah and the
northern side of El Malpais, through San Rafael to Grants. That’s the more
likely route that my ancestors – the elder Diego Antonio Chavez and his son,
Preciliano, took in the 1870s as they searched for opportunities. As my Uncle
Lalo suggested, it’s probably the same route they took when they returned to
Cubero, NM, their true home.
Despite the long trip, I decided to stop in Cubero before heading home. I looked at the birthplace of my Grandpa Louie in a bit of a different light, wondering why his grandfather and father returned, and how things would have been different if they had stayed in St. John's, or continued westward to California like many others.
Old housing structure in Cubero, NM 2014 |
In any case, St. John's was a temporary home for my Chavez ancestors. But they were destined to return to New Mexico.
Thanks, Gil, for the interesting article on St. Johns! The name Barth jumped out on me as my Great Aunt, a Chavez (can't remember her given name) married a Barth and lived in Monticello (south of Socorro) and they had children named Solomon, Arthur, Jacob and Luis Barth and the sons all moved north to Albuquerque and Espanola. The father of the family (whose name I can't remember) owned some sheep ranches in the Grants area and my grandfather, Aurelio Chavez (his brother-in-law) worked for him for a while. Would be interested to know if this is the same Barth family. I'm also wondering if the Barth family was Jewish in origin as the elder Barth never attended the Catholic church with his family unless it was a special occasion. He also gave two of his sons "Old Testament" names, which may be an indicator. If you have any information on the Barths, please let me know. Best, Carl Montoya
ReplyDeleteHi Carl: I am your cousin, Arthur Barth is my dad. You should contact me! Me and Jacqueline Barth (Jimmy Barth's daughter) have done research and we are not Jewish, like I formerly thought. My email address: torival@gmail.com
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ReplyDeleteBlas Griego Chavez.......while we are Morenos, Maldonados Y Chavez !
ReplyDeletecbsiv@cox.net
I am Albino Chavez my grandfather was Jose angel Chavez I am 93 years old living in cal. We still have 2 ranches, the Chavez ranch and the Moreno ranch I have documents dating back to 1860's I have original deeds to prove the true history if you want to know the actual facts you can reach me through my grandson Rudolph Chavez 951 575 8222 if you wanna know the real story of Don Jose Angel
DeleteGilbert: If I could obtain your email address, I'll invite you to see my tree. For like yours, it's all over with Chavez, Chaves, for I believe we are distant cousins. Cebolleta is where 3GGrandfather lived from 1866-1872, married a Mazon there and moved to St. Johns in 1878 because of a promise made by Solomon Barth. Turns out several families did the same thing and departed there later. Andres Moreno, a noted Vaquero & Freighter was his name. Please reply so we can chat. Best to ya,
ReplyDeleteChuck
Gilbert: Trying to close up lose ends. I believed our families, Moreno, were in St. Johns together and knew each other plus distantly related. Andres Moreno was also a Constable there before being forced, by Sol Barth selling of the land eventfully to Globe. Your Thoughts, please.
ReplyDeleteSincerely,
Chuck
Beautiful article! I am a member of the White Mountain Apache Tribe. I was raised by Juan and Ruby Candelaria in Springerville, AZ. During my years spent with the Candelaria, I became intrigued with Family history and local history. Discovery of new information is exciting and just propels you to envision life during that time. Juan Candelaria was born in Conch, AZ, while Ruby is a descendant from The Pena Family. I believe there is a connection to The Chavez Family. It has been a pleasure.
ReplyDeleteMy dad and my grandfather claimed that we are White Mountain Apache through my great grandmother. I would like to find out more. Please personal message me.
DeleteCheck out Humming Bird's Daughter be Luis Alberto urrea Teresita Urrea worlds most famous Medicine woman google or utube her name.Her real name last was Chavez Garcia.
ReplyDeleteHave you ever talked to Erlinda Salazar?
ReplyDeleteHello as for the Familia Salazar my Grandmother was Bridgette Moreno Salazar by any chance do you have any info on Salazar or Bridgette Moreno she was married to Antonio Salazar I had aunt Malba, who lived at St John’s Arizona years back I was 12yr I’m now 67yr now I’m just asking by any chance if anyone knows?😊😬
ReplyDelete